Pluto Bioinformatics

GSE114342: Alpha-ketoglutarate links p53 to cell fate during tumor suppression

Bulk RNA sequencing

The tumor suppressor TP53 is mutated in the majority of human cancers, including over 70% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Wild-type p53 accumulates in response to cellular stress and regulates the expression of genes that alter cell fate and constrain tumorigenesis. p53 also modulates several cellular metabolic pathways, though it remains unclear whether particular p53-regulated metabolites contribute to tumor suppression or whether metabolic alterations driven by p53 mutation sustain cancer progression. Here, we show that restoring endogenous p53 function in cancer cells derived from a murine PDAC model driven by oncogenic Kras and a regulatable p53 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) rewires glucose and glutamine metabolism leading to the accumulation of -ketoglutarate (KG), an obligate substrate for several chromatin modifying enzymes. p53 induces transcriptional programs characteristic of premalignant differentiation, an effect that can be partially recapitulated by addition of cell permeable KG. Similarly, enforcing KG accumulation in p53-deficient PDAC cells though the inhibition of oxoglutarate (KG) dehydrogenase (Ogdh), the enzyme that consumes KG in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reduces tumor-initiating capacity and promotes tumor cell differentiation. Decreases in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an KG-dependent chromatin modification, are associated with the appearance of p53 mutations in the transition from premalignant to de-differentiated malignant lesions, whereas increases in 5hmC accompany tumor cell differentiation triggered by either p53 restoration or Ogdh depletion. Together these data nominate KG as an effector of p53-mediated tumor suppression whose accumulation in p53-deficient tumors can drive tumor cell differentiation and antagonize malignant progression. SOURCE: Yu-Jui Ho (hoy@mskcc.org) - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center